Temperature regulating system



^ March 16, 1937. F. c. BRODERICK 2,073,677-

TEMPERATURE REGULATING SYSTEM Filed March les, 1955 ll Il l i Frederic/ @5705627075 raad Mu. 1e, 1937 4 Claims.

This invention relates to combined heating and cooling systems adapted for the requirements of dwellings, conservatories or work shops where regulation oi the temperature of the atmosphere 5 is desired tol meet year around seasonable changes: and where it is also desired to utilize the heating system to provide a constant year around supply ot hot water for other uses.

The main objects oi the invention are to bring 'about an improved coordination in the operation of a heatingsystem and an associated cooling system, for air temperature control, in connection withl a water heater which requires heat from the heating plantA whether or not this plant is 15. also operating to deliver heat to the atmosphere ci the building; and to provide an improved combination oi' heating and cooling apparatus utilizing a common heat interchanger for both heating and cooling operations.

These objects can be accomplished by means of a construction 'as illustrated in the drawing in which: v Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration oi the general plan fofithe system. Y

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a control valve, two of which are required in the system as illustrated by Figure 1.

The principal elements employed in this temperature regulation means are, interchangers for delivering heat to or extracting heat from the surrounding atmosphere, a heating plant and a cooling plant for respectively delivering hotand cold mediums to the interchangers, and a water heater including a hot water storage tank which receives heat from the heating plant even though the latter is not operating to deliver heat to thel interchangers.

lThese various elements are operated and controlled by electric motors which in turn are under the control oi a plurality oi thermostats, the motors operating the heating and cooling plants and also the valves in the system. A single motor driven pump is used for circulating either,

55 the interchangers depending upon which indui- (ci. asv-esi ence is required to ntain the predetermined desired atmospheric temperature conditions.

Referring to the .t a hot water heating plant i and a cooling plant 2 are diagrammatically shown. An oil burner 3 for the heating 5 plant is shown connected with an operating motor d. -The cooling plant consists oi a storage receptacle i'or the medium which is circulated through the radiators and inthis receptacle is al brine coil t or other conductor ior. a rei'rigeratingv 10 medium. A A water heater is indicated at 6 and comprises an inner storage receptacle 1 for hot water and an .outer Jacket 8 which receives water from boiler 9 of the heating plant through conduit l0. 15 An outlet il from the heatingjacket leads to a valve i2 which directs lthe hot water either to a supply conduit 'i8 for the radiators orpdirectly to the boiler through a return conduit I4.

.The outlet i5 oi the hot water storage tank 90 or reservoir i lis shown broken away and pipe i6. likewise broken away. indicates the cold water inlet o! the storage receptacle. t

A heat interchanger l'i, shown in the form of an ordinary radiator. isconnected to conduit I3 as and to a return conduit it. This return conduit leads to a valve i9, similar to valve i2, which -in one settingpermi'ts the conduit i@ to communicate directly through the valve with conduit 2t which, through a circulating pump 2i, com- 30 i Vis divided into i'our sections by partition walls l345 containing the ports 23, 2Q, 26 and 2% and the opening and closing of the ports ,are enacted by valve means or'a valve wing, 2 mounted on a pivot at id.

A motor 29 (see Fig. 1),-.serves to set the valve 40 means or wing either in the vertical position, as indicated in Figure 2, where it closes the ports 2t and 2t, or in a horizontal position where it closes the ports 23 and 2E.

As shown eachsoi the valves, ii audit, is prov vided with its own operating motor. indicated at 29 and 2M respectively and these motors are so controlled, as will be hereafter described, that the valve elements of the valves i2 and i9 will not at any time both be, properly, in the horizontal position. That is, either one will be vertical and the other horizontal so that the heating plant i or the cooling plant 3, as the case may be, will be in communication with the interlchanger il, or 'both valve elements will be in a 55 vertical position whereinA both the heating and cooling plants are out oi! from the interchanger.

It will now be seen that through the valves i2 and I9, and the associated piping, the boiler il, heater 3 and interchanger il are connected in series; and likewise the cooling plant 2 and the interchanger are connected in series through the same valves, the circuit depending upon the relative setting of the respective valve elements. However, when tine valve i2 is in a vertical position, as shown. closing od the interchanger from the boiler, the boiler water is still free to circulate gravitationally through the water heater jacket 8 by way of the conduits Iii, il and it, passing through the valve i2 by way of port 23 thereof.

Thus, regardless of whether or not the heating plant is supplying heat to the interchanger, or whether the cooling plant is supplying cooling medium thereto, the boiler water. which is automatically maintained the year around atv a constant temperature as will be explained, will constantlyy circulate through the heater 3 to maintain `the domestic hot water supply.

In winter operation, and when heat is required at the interchanger Il, the valve element of the valve It will normally be in a vertical position closing on the ports 24 and l26 and permitting communication between the conduits I3 and 2li' directlythrough the port 23. Thus when the rooml heating thermostat 30 calls for heat,` the valve element of the valve I2 will be shifted to a horizontal position closing the ports 23 and 25 and permitting communication between the conduits ii and i3 and 22 andV I4 respectively by way of ports 28 and 23. The circulation of heating medium will then be from the boiler 8 to the heater 6 by way oi conduit III, then by way of conduit il to the valve.|2 and through the port 26 thereof to the interchanger supply conduit- I3. From the interchanger i1 the return heating medium passes through the conduit i8, through the valve i9 by way of port 23 thereof to the connection 2@ and thence to the pump 2i and the conduit 22 to the valve i2 where it passes through the port 2 to the boiler return connection i6.

When the heating thermostat S0 is satisfied the valve element of the valve I2 is shifted to a vertical position and the pump is stopped, the circulation of heating medium being then gravitational through the heater t, exclusively, as heretofore explained.l

ln summer operation the thermostat 30 will normally be in its "hot" or satised position, as shown in the drawing and the cooling plant 2 will function oii and on in response to the cooling thermostat 8i according to whether or not cooling medium is required in the interchanger il. When cooling is required the thermostat 3| will swing to the position shown and the valve element of the valve i5 will assume the position shown closing the ports 23 and 25 thereof, the element of the valve I2 being normally in the vertical position shown, closing the ports 24 and 26 thereof, during the entire warm or summer season.

Under such conditions, the pump operating in response to opening of the valve I9, the cooling medium will circulate from the cooling plant 2 through the port 26 in the lower portion of the valve iii, through the connection 20 and the pump 2| to the valve I2 by way of connection 22, through the port 25 of the valve I2 to the supply conduit I3, and thence through the interaovaovv changer Il and return conduit iti bach tol the valve I9 through which it passes, by way of port 26, back to the cooling plant 2.

Meanwhile the boiler t will he kept at a constant temperature by the burner d operating in response to the boiler thermostat 32 and boiler water will constantly circulate gravitationally through the water heater B and the port 23 of the valve I2 as has been explained. lThus the cooling plant and its operating circuit and the domestic water heating system will operate independently and simultaneously.

The motors 29 and 29.6 may be oi any suitable kind arranged to open and close a valve in response to a remotely located thermostat and to simultaneously operate suitable switching means. The motors 29 and 29.I indicated are intended to represent low voltage valve operating motors such as are manufactured by the Minneapolisl Honeywell Regulator Co. and at present standard equipment with them for combined valve operating and switching purposes. These motors are described in the Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Companys Bulletin M6, dated Feb. 1, 1933, and entitled "Type D Motors. Also the several electrical connections shown in the drawing are arranged in accordance with the present practices of that manufacturer.

'I'hese motors, as indicated, drive a crank wheel 33 which is connected by a link 34 to a crank wheel 35 mounted on the shaft or pivot 23 of the valve element. The motors are each arranged to rotate the crank wheel 33 one-half revolution or 180 for each operating impulse from the respective thermostat, and the link 34 together vwith the crank wheel 3! are arranged so that for each half revolution of the wheel 33 the wheel 35 will be turned one quarter revolution or 45. The motors 29 and 29.I drive the respective wheels 33 in one direction only, but because of the linkage arrangement the wheel SI moves iirst in one direction for 45 and then back toits initial position, moving entirely in one quadrant.

As shown, the motors 29 and 28.! are independently controlled by their respective thermostats 30 and 3|, which are shown as separate devices. It will be understood however that these thermostats may be combined or built into a single unit which will function to independently control both the heating and cooling plants. In each case the operation of the valve motors and the electrical connections between the motors and their respective thermostats are identical, each thermostat having three leads connected with suitable terminals on the respective motors and identified as R, B and W respectively.

The lead R is the hot or live lead, and the leads B and W are the controlling leads. As shown current is supplied to each valve motor from a volt line, indicated by the numerals ilxand 31, and the motors are connected in parallel. A choke coil built into the motors, but not shown, reduces the line current to a low voltage suitable for control purposes and such low voltage current passes to the respective thermostats 30 and 3| through the lead marked R. When the shiftable element of either thermostat oontacts a terminal to which a B lead is connected the low voltage current will then iiow through that lead to the motor and cause the same to rotate, shifting the crank wheel 33 180 and opening the respective valve. A suitable switching arrangement, not shown, built into the motor causes it to stop when the valve is open. Then when the element of the thermostatshifts to the.

contact to which the W lead is connected the current will flow through that lead and cause the motor to rotate until the respective valve is closed, the motor automatically stopping-at that point.' Thus it is seen that current is supplied by the R lead and that the B lead, when energlzed, opens the respective valve andthe W lead,

when energized closes the. valve.

It ywill be noted that as shown the thermostats and 3| are arranged to move in opposite directions upon a rise or fall of temperature. Thus when the temperature falls the thermostat 3|! will energizeA the respective B lead and the ther-V mostat 3| will energize the respective W lead. Conversely when the temperature rises the thermostat 30 will energize the respective W lead and the thermostat 3| will energize the respective B lead. This will be further explained in the statement of operation of the controls.

Each motor has also built into it a second switch which controls the motor 39 of the pump' or circulator 2 I. This switch is not shown but is automatically closed when the motor rotates to open its respective valve and is opened when the motor i' rotates to close the respective valve;

In operating the-hereindescribed heating and cooling system the thermostats 30 and 3| are arranged to operate between different temperature ranges. The heating thermostat 30 is preferably arranged to function at a temperature of 72 F. and' below and the cooling thermostat 32 at a temperature of '18 F. and above. Thus if there is a 4 lag between the ofi and onf positions of` `the thermostats the heating thermostat '39 will cause the heating plant I to be 4cut od from the interchanger I1 at '12 F. and'to supply heat to the interchanger at 68 F. or below; and the cooling thermostat 3| will cause the coolingplant 2 to be cut on from the interchanger I1 at'78" F.

,l and to supply cooling medium to the lnte'rchanger at B2i F. vand above.

Thus in summer operationthe element of the thermostat 30 will nonnally be engaging the contact oithe W lead'which when energized causes the valve motor 29 to close the valve I2 against any circulation of boiler water to the interchanger. and this valve will stay with its valve eleinterchanger.

tained until the atmospheric temperature around F. the engage rthe contact of the respective B lead. enerment in the vertical' position as shown in the drawing. Now should the atmospheric temperature in the space to be controlled reach 82 elementqf the cooling thermostat 3| will gizing the same, and cause the motor 29.| to open the valve I9,that is shift the valve element to a horizontal position. Under this setting of y the valve I9v the enclosed switch controlling the circulator motor 39 will be closed and the circulator started, receiving its energy from the volt lines 36-31 byway of the motor switch and the leads 39 and dll connecting the same with the motor 38.

Thus circulation of cooling medium will be-had from the cooling plant 2 through the lower portionfof the valve I9 and by way ofthe conduit 2li,`

the circulator 2 I, the conduit 22 and the valve I2 to the supply pipe` I3 and the interchanger I1. rI'he return cooling medium passing through the conduit IB and theupper portion of the valve i9 to the cooling plant 2 where it is cooled by the reirigerating coils and recircuiated back to the Such circulation will be mainthe thermostathas been cooled by the interchanger Il to the cutting r,oi temperature of '18 F. at which point the thermostatic element will engage the contact of the respective W lead causing the motor 29.I to close the valve I9, which action will open the switch controlling the circulator motor 38 to stop the same.

In winter operation the element of the thermostat 3| will normally be engaging the contact of the W lead, so that the motor 29.| will hold the valve I9 in the closed position with the valve element vertically closing oil communication between the cooling plant 2 and the conduits I3 and 20. Upon a drop of temperature in the space under control in whichl the thermostats are located the element of the thermostat 30 will 'engage the contact ofthe respective B lead thus energizing that lead and causing the motor 29 to open the valve I2 by shifting the valve element to a horizontal position.

Thus circulation of heating medium will be had from the boiler 9 by way of the domestic water heater 6 through the upper portion of the valve I2 into the 'supply conduit I3, and thence to the interchanger I1, the return heating medium passing through the conduit I3, the valve I9, the lower portion of the valve, and back to the boiler through the return connection I4.

Themotor 29 is similar to the motor 29.| and like the motor 29.I is provided with a motor switch for controlling the circulator motor 439.

However the motor. 29 is also provided with a second switch which controls a relay 4I which in turn controls operation ofthe motor 4 of the oil burner 2.

This second switch in the valve motor 29 is arranged to close the relay 44I upon opening of the valve I2 and to open therelay 4| upon closing of the motorl 4 by way of lead 49 and the line 45 being connected to the motor 4 by way of leads` 41, switch 49, and lead 49. As shown in the drawing, the relay 4I is operated by a low voltage current which is supplied by a choke coil 50 connected across the lines 44 and v45. Low voltage current from the choke coil 59 energizes an actuating coil 5I by passing through the connections 52 and 63 which are'short circuited by the second switch built into the valve motor 29, so that when the valve motor operates to open the valve I2 the second switch closes the circuit between the `lines I2 "and 53 and causes the switch 49 to be closed, and thus close the circuit between the lines 44 and 45 and the oil burner motorl. x

As shown in the drawing the oil burner motor 4 and the circulator motor 39 are connected in parallel so that they may operate simultaneously upon operation of the thermostat 30 so as to open the valve I2. This arrangement is had by connecting the motor 39 to lone side of the oil burner l4 "by lead 64 and connecting the other side of the motor 3B to the other side ofthe oil burner motor by leads E5, 59 and 51 which interconnect' serially the boiler thermostat 32 and the circulator motor switch included in the valve motor 29.`

circuit between 4 mcrae?? predetermined minimum temperature the tube 5t will be tilted toward the hot side. indicated by the letter I-I" so as to maintain a connection between lines I5 and 56. Thus when the boiler water is 5 at or above the predetermined minimum tempera-ture, and when the motor 20 is operated by the thermostat 30 so as to open the valve I2, a circuit will be completed by way of leads 55 and 56 through the mercury tube 58 of the boiler l0 thermostat 32 and by way of the circulator switch in the valve motor 29 and the lead 51 to the motor 38, and thence by way of lead 54 to the opposite side of the oil burner motor 4, so that the motors 4 and 38 will be in parallel, and will be simultaneously energized by the lines 44 and 45 through closing of the switch 48 of the relay, which in turn is actuated by the second switch included in the valve motor 29 when the said motor has operated to open the valve i2. Circulation of boiler water to the interchanger I'I will be had, so long as the element of the thermostat III is in position to energize the respective B lead.

However, when the temperature in the space being heated by the interchanger I1 has reached the predetermined maximum temperature of 72/ the element of the thermostat will engage the contact of the respective W lead and cause the motor 29 to operate to close the valve I2, at which l0 time the said motor will automatically open both of the switches incorporated'with it which control the circulator motor 3B and the relay 4I, thus breaking the circuit between the lines 52 and 5I so as to cause the switch 48 to drop open and break the circuit betweenl the oil burner motor 4 and the feed lines 44 and 45.

The purpose of the double acting boiler thermostat 32 is to maintain the temperature of the boiler water at a predetermined minimum point and to prevent operation of the circulator motor I8 should the boiler water temperature drop below the predetermined minimum, thus o bviating any possibility of circulating cool or cold boiler water through the interchanger I'I. Should the boiler 45 water drop below the predetermined minimum point, the mercmy tube 58 will be tipped by means not shown to the cold or C side, causing a connection to be made between the leads Il and ll' which are respectively connected with the leads l2 l0 and 53 of the relay 4I', thus short-circuiting the said lines 52 and 58 and causing the relay to operate so as to close the switch 45 and energize the oil burner motor 4, so that heat may be delivered to the boiler 9 to raise the temperature of 55 the boiler water therein. Under such operation when the oil burner is being operated by the boiler v thermostat 32 the connection between the lines 55 and 56 is broken, so that regardless of whether or not the room heating thermostat III should call 00 for heat before the boiler water temperature has been raised above the predetermined minimum point, the circulator motor 38 will not operate.

The purpose of the circulator motor switch in the valve motor 29 is to prevent operation of the 05 oil burner motor 4 when the circulator motor 35 is being energized through the motor switch in the valve motor 29.I, the valve motors 29 and 29.I never being both in the valve opening position at the same time, because of 'the different ranges of operating temperatures to'which the 'controlling thermostats I0 and 3| are subjected. Thus, whenever the motor switch in the valve motor 28.I is closed to energize the motor 38, the

.75 motor. switch in the valve motor 29 will be open.

h ser operation, when the valve I2 is normally maintained in its closed position, the boiler water in the heating plant I is maintained at the predetermined minimum temperature sole ly by means oi the boiler thermostat 82, which 5 on cooling of the boiler water tilts the mercury tube 58 to the cold side, so as to short circuit the relay leads 52 and 53 by means of the connections 59` and 80, and calme theoil burner` motor 4 to operate, the oil burner motor 4 being stopped 10 when the boiler water has been heated sumciently by tilting of the mercury tube Eli-to the hot side, thus opening the circuit between the lines 59 and 55 and opening the relay. In this way the boiler 15 water is maintained at a constant temperature the year around, and because of thermogravitational circulation of the boiler water throughthe outer casing 8 of the heater ilv and the left-hand side of the valve I2 a constant supply of hot water 20 for domestic use or for other purposes is maintained.

'I'he main advantages of this invention lle in the arrangement of valves and piping connections wherein a single interchanger may be uti- 25 lized for both heating and cooling purposes, and be under complete automatic control so as to function either as a heating or a cooling unit directly in accordance with the demands of the heating or cooling thermostats. While such an 30 arrangement is not shown the herein described system is particularly adaptable to cases where concealed fin type intefrchangerv units are employed in conjunction with fans or blowers for promoting the circulation of air over the interchanger unit and throughout the space the atmospheric temperature of which is to be controlled.l y

Another advantage lies in the fact that by means of the herein described invention a constant, year-around supply of hot water for domestic use is maintained, regardless of whether or not the system is functioning to heat or cool the atmosphere of the space aifected by the interchanger Il. y L

Another advantage is had in the control arrangement wherein the entire system is fully automatic and wherein operation of the heating or cooling portions of the system in interference with each other is obviated A further advan tage in this system is had in the arrangement of electric connections for the circulator motor wherein during winter-time operation it is impossible for the circulator to function when the boiler water is below a predetermined minimum temperature, thus preventing circulation of'cold boiler water to the interchanger when heat is normally required therein.

This last feature is particularly advantageous 60 in extreme cold weather operation when upon starting of the heating plant Iafter a prolonged period'during which the water in the interchanger circuit has become quite cold and there is a likelihood of the boiler water being circulated and then recirculated before the oil burner hashad suillcient time to inject enough heat into the heating plant to bring the entire body of water up to the proper heating temperature.

Certain features of the control arrangement herein shown and described have been disclosed and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 11,435, filed March, 16, 1935.

Although but one speciiic embodiment of this 75 invention is herein shown and described, it will be understood that certain details of the arrangement shown may be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of this invention as defined by the following claims:

I claim: I

1. In an air temperature regulating system the combination with aboiler, a heat interchanger having supply and return connections with said boiler, a circulating pump in one of said interchanger connections, and a water heater connected .with said boilervto constantly receive heat therefrom, of a` cooling plant having series connection with said interchanger and said circulating pump, and shiftable valve means arranged to normally prevent circulation between both said boiler and said interchanger and said cooling plant and said interchanger, said'valve means being shiftable to permit circulation between said interchanger and one or the other of said boiler and cooling plant.

2. A combined heating and cooling system comprising a boiler, a heat storage reservoir, a heat interchanger, suitable supply and return connections for said reservoir and said interohanger, and a circulating pump, all connected in series, a cooling planthaving supply and return'connections with said interchanger in series with said circulating pump, and valve means arranged to normally prevent circulation between said interchanger and both said boiler and cooling plant and permit circulation between said heat storage reservoir and said boiler exclusively, said valve means being-arranged to be operable to permit circulation between said interchanger and one or the other of said boiler and cooling heat interchanger, suitable supply and return connections for said reservoir and said inter-l changer, and a circulating pump, all connected in series, a cooling plant having supply and return connections with said interchanger in series with said circulating pump, valve means arranged to normally prevent circulation between said interchanger and both said boiler and cooling plant and permit circulation between said heat storage reservoir and said boiler exclusively when said pump is stopped, and means to shift said valve means to permit circulation between said boiler and said interchanger exclusive of said cooling plant, said means being also arranged to shift said valve means to permit circulation between said cooling plant and said interchanger exclusive oi' said boiler and simultaneous independent circulation between said boiler and said heat storage reservoir.

4. An air temperature regulating system comprising a heating plant, a heat storage reservoir,

a heat interchanger, a cooling plant, and a circulating pump, all connected in series in a closed circuit, means aiording a passageway providing direct return communication between said heat storage reservoir and said heating plant and byfpassing the remainder of said series circuit and affording other passageways arranged to bypass circulation around said heating plant and said cooling plant separately, and valve means arranged to selectively control said passageways and said series circuit to permit circulation between said interchanger and one of said plants exclusively while stopping circulation between said interchanger and the other of' said plants and to permit continuous circulation from said heating plant to said. heat storage reservoir and back to said heating plant.

-. FREDERICK C. BRODERICK. 

